Multiple vulnerabilities were found in Microsoft Products (Extended Support Update). Malicious users can exploit these vulnerabilities to execute arbitrary code, obtain sensitive information, gain privileges.

Below is a complete list of vulnerabilities:

1. A remote code execution vulnerability in Windows can be exploited remotely via specially crafted image to execute arbitrary code.
2. An information disclosure vulnerability in Windows Kernel can be exploited remotely via specially crafted application to obtain sensitive information.
3. A memory corruption vulnerability in Internet Explorer can be exploited remotely via specially crafted website to execute arbitrary code.
4. A remote code execution vulnerability in MS XML can be exploited remotely via specially crafted website to execute arbitrary code.
5. An elevation of privilege vulnerability in Windows can be exploited remotely to gain privileges.
6. An information disclosure vulnerability in Windows Hyper-V can be exploited remotely via specially crafted application to obtain sensitive information.
7. A remote code execution vulnerability in Win32k Graphics can be exploited remotely via specially crafted embedded to execute arbitrary code.
8. A remote code execution vulnerability in Microsoft JET Database Engine can be exploited remotely via specially crafted to execute arbitrary code.
9. An information disclosure vulnerability in Windows can be exploited remotely via specially crafted application to obtain sensitive information.
10. An elevation of privilege vulnerability in Windows Registry can be exploited remotely via specially crafted application to gain privileges.
11. An information disclosure vulnerability in Windows GDI can be exploited remotely via specially crafted document to obtain sensitive information.
12. An information disclosure vulnerability in Microsoft Graphics Component can be exploited remotely via specially crafted application to obtain sensitive information.
13. An elevation of privilege vulnerability in Windows ALPC can be exploited remotely via specially crafted application to gain privileges.

The following public exploits exists for this vulnerability:

https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/45436

https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/45502

Malware exists for this vulnerability. Usually such malware is classified as Exploit. More details.

Windows Server 2008 for x64-based Systems Service Pack 2 (Server Core installation)
Windows 10 for 32-bit Systems
Windows Server, version 1803 (Server Core Installation)
Microsoft Office 2016 for Mac
Internet Explorer 9
Windows 10 for x64-based Systems
Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation)
Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation)
Windows 7 for x64-based Systems Service Pack 1
Windows 8.1 for 32-bit systems
Windows Server 2008 for 32-bit Systems Service Pack 2
Windows 8.1 for x64-based systems
Windows Server 2012
Microsoft Office 2016 Click-to-Run (C2R) for 64-bit editions
Microsoft Office 2016 Click-to-Run (C2R) for 32-bit editions
Internet Explorer 11
Windows Server 2008 for x64-based Systems Service Pack 2
Windows Server 2016
Windows 10 Version 1709 for x64-based Systems
Windows RT 8.1
Windows Server 2008 for Itanium-Based Systems Service Pack 2
Windows 10 Version 1703 for x64-based Systems
Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation)
Windows Server 2008 R2 for Itanium-Based Systems Service Pack 1
Windows Server 2008 R2 for x64-based Systems Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation)
Windows 10 Version 1803 for x64-based Systems
Windows Server 2008 for 32-bit Systems Service Pack 2 (Server Core installation)
Windows 10 Version 1607 for 32-bit Systems
Windows 10 Version 1607 for x64-based Systems
Windows 7 for 32-bit Systems Service Pack 1
Windows 10 Version 1709 for 32-bit Systems
Windows Server 2008 R2 for x64-based Systems Service Pack 1
Windows 10 Version 1703 for 32-bit Systems
Internet Explorer 10
Windows Server 2012 R2
Windows 10 Version 1803 for 32-bit Systems

Install necessary updates from the KB section, that are listed in your Windows Update (Windows Update usually can be accessed from the Control Panel)

4457984
4458010
4457144
4457145
4457426