Multiple serious vulnerabilities have been found in Microsoft products. Malicious users can exploit these vulnerabilities to bypass security restrictions, cause denial of service gain privileges, execute arbitrary code or obtain sensitive information.

Below is a complete list of vulnerabilities

1. Improper input validation can be exploited locally via a specially designed input;
2. Improper thread handling can be exploited locally via unknown vectors;
3. Improper 2D figures handling can be exploited remotely via a specially designed files;
4. Improper JPEG files parsing can be exploited remotely via a specially designed file or memory manipulations;
5. An unknown vulnerability can be exploited remotely via a specially designed web content;
6. An unknown vulnerability can be exploited remotely via vectors related to IPv6;
7. Improper handling objects in memory can be exploited remotely via an unknown vectors;
8. Improper file associations handling can be exploited remotely via vectors related to Windows Shell;
9. Improper user state validation can be exploited remotely via vectors related to SAMR;
10. Improper iSCSI packets handling can be exploited remotely via an unknown vectors;
11. An unknown vulnerability can be exploited remotely via vectors related to RDP, On-Screen keyboard, DirectShow, Internet Explorer, Microsoft IME for Japanese and Task Sheduler;
12. Improper .bat or .cmd files processing can be exploited locally via DLL hijack;
13. Improper passwords handling can be exploited remotely via share access;
14. Improper TCP implementation can be exploited remotely via a specially designed TCP header;
15. Use-After-free can be exploited remotely via a specially designed Office document;
16. Improper font files restrictions can be exploited locally via a specially designed file;
17. Improper signatures validation can be exploited remotely via vectors related to Kerberos KDC;
18. Memory leak can be exploited remotely via a specially designed client;
19. Double free vulnerability can be exploited locally via a specially designed application;
20. An unknown vulnerability can be exploited via specially designed application;
21. Improper addresses validation can be exploited locally via specially designed IOCTL call;
22. Improper XML handling can be exploited remotely via a specially designed XML content;
23. Improper permissions validation can be exploited remotely via vectors related to Microsoft audio component;
24. Improper handling failed login attempts can be exploited via vectors related to RDP;
25. Improper memory allocation can be exploited remotely via a specially designed USB device;
26. An unknown vulnerability can be exploited remotely via a specially designed OLE object;
27. Improper packets handling can be exploited remotely via a vectors related to Secure Channel;
28. An unknown vulnerability can be exploited remotely via a specially designed Journal.

Windows XP Service pack 3
Windows XP Professional x64 Service Pack 3
Windows Server 2003 x86, x64, Itanium Service Pack 2
Windows Vista x86, x64 Service Pack 2
Windows Server 2008 x86, x64, Itanium Service Pack 2
Windows 7 x86, x64 Service Pack 1
Windows Server 2008 R2 x64, Itanium Service Pacl 1
Windows 8 x86, x64
Windows 8.1 x86, x64
Windows Server 2012
Windows Server 2012 R2
Windows RT
Windows RT 8.1

Install necessary updates from the KB section, that are listed in your Windows Update (Windows Update usually can be accessed from the Control Panel)

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The following public exploits exists for this vulnerability:

https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/37755

https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/35936

https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/39525

https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/39446

https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/37732

https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/34982

https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/34112

https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/34131

https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/39666

https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/35101

https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/37064

https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/38512

https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/37668

https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/37800

https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/38500

https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/35055

https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/35019

https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/35020

Malware exists for this vulnerability. Usually such malware is classified as Exploit. More details.